What Is a Couplant

Posted on March 13, 1978 Updated on October 1, 2014

So i found this short article on the web and i was told that just posting it like a whole article isn’t the right thing, I got consent from the original writer and read up how to curate posts, so this is it…….i thought this was interesting because it highlights some of the highs and lows that I encountered when i was working inside the industry.
A couplant is a material that serves as a medium for the transmission of sound waves. Usually, couplant gel is a form of water-based substance, or a paste composed of oils or grease-like chemicals. It is placed in physical contact with a transducer that receives audio signals in the air and then coverts them to electrical impulses for transmission. Microphones and sound test equipment use couplant gel or dry couplants to facilitate this.

Ultrasonic testing of materials can also employ complete immersion of the transducer in a couplant-like water, or just a thin film of glycerin or oil between the transducer and medium being studied. Acoustic couplant is important for ultrasonic testing because air is a fairly poor medium for the transmission of sound waves in general as compared to solids. The level of energy that ultrasonic frequencies carry falls off dramatically when transmitted through air, so these materials are meant to minimize this loss.

Many conventional substances can be used as a couplant, including motor oil or even hair gel. This is because even a very thin layer of air between a transducer and sound specimen will have strong attenuation effects, and nearly any solid placed between them will reduce this. Electrical components can generate a lot of heat, however, so specially formulated couplants are designed to accommodate this.

Ultrasonic couplants in the nuclear and medical equipment industry go a step further by requiring materials that are low in halogen or sulfur compounds at less than 50 parts per million (ppm). Propylene glycol, the same material used in automotive antifreeze, is another specialty compound used. It is chemically nonreactive and can withstand temperatures of 200� Fahrenheit (90� Celsius) before undergoing thermal breakdown. Optical couplant fills another unique need. Often referred to as index matching gel, it is used in the splicing of fiber optic cable to minimize variations in the index of refraction that occur where the fibers meet, which can degrade signal transmission.

The main properties looked for in a good couplant material are its acoustic properties, corrosion inhibition, and surface wetting so that it binds well. The length of time it stays wet, known as drying time, is also important, as well as the temperature levels it can endure and its uniformity. A unique aspect of some couplant gel is that it contains a fluorescent tracer dye that glows in the ultraviolet band, which is used to monitor coverage levels.

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How Do Earpieces Work?

Posted on March 10, 1978 Updated on September 28, 2014

So to carry on my run of articles on this blog, I’ve decided to share one of my favourite posts this week. I used to be tentative to include it to this site because I really didn’t want to offend the original author, but I trust he/she is happy that I loved reading their work and wanted to share it with my readers.

To put it very simply, your earphone includes a piece of plastic that vibrates in accordance to the signals received from the device it’s attached to. The plastic moves due to a metal coil that’s attached to a magnet, which allows the plastic to form the sound waves that pass into your ear.

That’s it, really. It seems easy enough, but I couldn’t have thought of it.

Jezen Thomas at eHow.com provides a more detailed explanation to us, he says that,

“Earphones consist of a speaker cone, an iron coil, a magnet and speaker cables. When earphones are plugged into a music-playing device like a stereo, electricity is sent along the speaker cables. The speaker cables feed this electrical current through the iron coil, which behaves as an electromagnet. The coil then attracts or repels the permanent magnet, depending on the electrical current sent by the music-playing device. This causes the coil to move, which subsequently pushes and pulls the speaker cone. As the speaker cone vibrates as a result of this movement, it creates sonic waves that resonate through the air and are transferred through small bones and membranes inside your ear”.

Of course, there are different types of earphones, but basically, that’s it.

Some earphones, however, do feature additional functions. Noise-canceling headsets, for example, can generate a small field of white noise around the speaker itself, which acts as something of a vacuum and has the effect of disabling outside noise. These headphones are also better for the health of your inner ear than most other types. Sam Costello at About.com writes,

“The noise around us can contribute to cause us to change how we listen to an iPod. If there’s a lot of noise nearby, it’s likely that we’ll turn up the iPod’s volume, thus increasing the chances of hearing loss. To cut down on, or eliminate, ambient noise, use noise-deadening or –cancelling headphones. They’re more expensive, but your ears will thank you”.

Chris Woodford, writing for ‘Explain That Stuff.com’, gives a detailed description of the main differences between earphones and speakers. Despite essentially operating in the same way, there are variations between the two, it seems. He says,

“The biggest difference between loudspeakers and headphones is, of course, size. A loudspeaker needs to set all the air moving in a room so you can hear the sound it’s making, but the speaker in a headphone only has to move the volume of air inside your ear canal. That’s why it can be so much smaller and more discreet”.
If, even after all this tech talk, you’re still interested in seeing what’s going on in your headphones, the Youtube user Cayde Brown has a series of videos called ‘Take Apart’, which will probably be of interest. In one episode, Cayde takes a pair of headphones apart and shows us exactly how they work.

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